University rankings evaluate institutions based on criteria like academic reputation, research output, faculty quality, and international collaboration. Prominent ranking systems include QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education (THE), and Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).
QS emphasizes academic peer review and employer reputation, while THE focuses on teaching, research, and citations. ARWU prioritizes Nobel laureates and research papers. Rankings vary by methodology, so a university may rank differently across systems. These lists help students, researchers, and policymakers assess institutional performance globally.
