Whether you need a visa to study in the Netherlands depends on your nationality. EU/EEA, Swiss, and Surinamese students do not require a visa. Non-EU/EEA students typically need a Provisional Residence Permit (MVV) and a Residence Permit (VVR), arranged by their educational institution.
The application process involves proof of admission, financial means (around €11,400 annually), health insurance, and sometimes a tuberculosis test. The MVV process takes up to 3 months. Students from Australia, Canada, and a few other countries may enter visa-free but still need a Residence Permit for stays exceeding 90 days.
